IGA focuses on the management and control of user identities and their entitlements across the organization.
It ensures that users have appropriate access based on their roles, responsibilities, and context.

Core Components:

• User Provisioning/Deprovisioning: Automate the creation and removal of user accounts across systems and applications as employees join, move, or leave the organization.
• Role-Based Access Control (RBAC): Assign access rights based on job functions to reduce manual approvals and errors.
• Access Certifications & Attestations: Periodically review and verify user access to meet audit and compliance requirements (e.g., SOX, HIPAA, GDPR).
• Delegated Administration: Allow specific users or departments to manage identity tasks without compromising security.

Access Management ensures that only authorized users can access enterprise applications, systems, and data.
It enforces consistent, policy-driven controls across on-premises, cloud, and hybrid environments.

Core Components:

• Single Sign-On (SSO): Enable users to authenticate once and gain access to multiple applications without re-entering credentials.
• Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): Add layers of security by requiring users to verify their identity through SMS, biometrics, authenticator apps, etc.
• Adaptive Risk-Based Access: Dynamically adjust access policies based on context (e.g., device, location, behavior).
• Centralized Policy Engine: Create and enforce unified access policies across diverse applications and environments.

PAM solutions safeguard access to privileged accounts—those with elevated permissions that can make significant changes in IT environments. These accounts are a primary target for attackers and must be tightly controlled and monitored.

Core Components:

• Credential Vaulting: Securely store and rotate passwords or secrets for privileged accounts.
• Session Management: Monitor and record sessions initiated by privileged users for visibility and forensics.
• Just-in-Time Access: Grant temporary privileged access when needed, reducing standing privilege.
• Least Privilege Enforcement: Ensure users only have the minimal necessary permissions required to perform their tasks.

Core Components:

• LDAP and Active Directory Integration: Support standard protocols to manage and authenticate users and devices.
• Cloud Directories: Provide scalable. cloud-native identity services for modern applications (e.g., Azure AD, Google Identity).
• Group & Policy Management: Organize users into groups and apply group policies for efficient management.
• Identity Synchronization: Ensure consistent user data across various systems and platforms.

Core Components:

• Federation Standards Support: Use SMAL, OAuth 2.0, and OpenID Connect to support a wide range of integrations.
• Cross-Organization Trust: Establish secure identity relationships between business partners, cloud services, and internal systems.
• Bring Your Own Identity (BYOI): Allow customers or partners to use social or enterprise credentials to log in to your services.
• Reduced Password Fatigue: Minimize password reuse risks by enabling central authentication across trusted systems.